| " It was time to resist, it was time to be men: to die as men to live as men. " PIERO Calamandrei |
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On April 25, 1945 marks the culmination of the awakening of national consciousness and committed to the Italian civil levied against the invaders and as a moment of moral redemption of a major portion of the Italian population after decades of fascist dictatorship. The liberation of Italy from the dictatorship was able to get through the sacrifice of many young boys and girls who, while belonging to a large and heterogeneous political (by the communists to monarchists military, through the Catholic groups, socialisti ed azionisti), si chiamavano con un solo nome: partigiani; combatterono al fianco di molti soldati provenienti da paesi diversi e lontani (dagli Stati Uniti all’Australia, senza dimenticare Inglesi e Francesi), ma tutti accolti come alleati.
La stessa storia dell’Italia repubblicana fonda interamente le proprie basi nell’esperienza dell’antifascismo che Piero Calamandrei definì “quel monumento che si chiama ora e sempre Resistenza”, elemento base di una nuova religione civile della nascitura giovane democrazia repubblicana. Si è parlato repeatedly and several parts of the resistance as "a second Renaissance, whose protagonists were the popular masses" (S. Pertini). Is not the intention of the writer to provide a historical reconstruction of the events and characters, but simply to debunk a theory that revisionist historiography in recent years, it is very out of fashion: the Resistance as "civil war". Although the resistance has not been a matter involving the majority of Italians, but only that for the inhabitants of central and northern areas, it was not at all a war of Italians against Italians, as in Spain in 1936, had had a falling out of Spaniards against the Spaniards.
fact, there was a clash between soldiers and Italian fighters against the German invaders and collaborators Republicans, the first, while respecting the diversity policy, fought in the name of liberal or socialist democracy that was, the latter fought alongside Hitler's SS supporters of the need to win a "living space" for Nazi Germany.
writer absolutely does not want to fall into rhetoric-strength, but strongly agree with the fact that the resistance was an uplifting moment in which we deal with the supporters of freedom, democracy and social justice against the minions of tyranny of which they were themselves the first victims if a "civil war" is to speak to be understood as "the civilization" (Dante Livio Bianco ) as "a political war, the popular .. ... . A war democratic in two senses, as is its democratic approach is democratic and its last, the killing of a dictatorship and the establishment of a regime based on popular participation in power "(Norberto Bobbio, ora in D. L. Bianco, Guerra partigiana, Einaudi, Torino 1973, p. VIII). Con ciò non si vuole fare un discorso relativo alle singole persone che combatterono su entrambi i fronti in buona fede che vanno sempre e comunque rispettate, se non altro per i dolori e le sofferenze che furono costretti a subire. Premesso tale rispetto per tutti i morti mi sembra lecito oppormi a quanto proposto da più parti (politiche e non) di trasformare il 25 aprile nel giorno della pacificazione nazionale per ricordare i morti: i morti, tutti i morti, si commemorano il 2 novembre e la questione della pacificazione nazionale è già stata risolta, in chiave politica dall’amnistia promossa dall’allora Guardasigilli Palmiro Togliatti e, in chiave storiografica e letteraria da uno dei capi del Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale Alta Italia, il compianto senatore Leo Valiani, che, nel pubblicare il suo diario del periodo clandestino, nella dedica iniziale scrive “ A Duccio Galimberti, per tutti i caduti,/ della nostra parte e dell’altra” , volendo così separare gli aspetti personali ed umani ( e umanitari?) della questione da quelli politici e storici.
What I regret most is that the resistance, far from being a time of choral and popular national unity, has become "the resistance is unfinished or interrupted destined, like all the attempts, indicating a more ideal than to prescribe a result" ( Norberto Bobbio, now on DL White, Partisan War, op. cit., p. XI ). The Resistance had become the "founding myth" on which to base decisions resulted from the Democratic Republic of the Constituent Assembly daughter of the same partisan experience, unfortunately this has not happened completely, but those values \u200b\u200bof equality, democracy and social justice contained in the first part of our Constitution are still valid, enforceable and they must see every democrat in their daily work.
Luca Molinari
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